作者:老 大
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19. 关于几种与安全相关的机载设备的安装机型要求:
| 设备 | 安装机型要求 |
| Airborne Weather Radar | All air carrier aircraft. Without this radar, an aircraft can be dispatched in two conditions: a) The flight will be able to remain in day VFR flight condition, or b) Hazardous weather is not forecast. |
| Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) | All large turbine powered airplanes |
| Flight Recorder | All aircraft certified for operations above 25000ft and all turbine powered airplane |
| Cockpit Voice Recorder | Large turbine engine powered airplanes and large four engine reciprocating powered airplanes |
| Ground Proximity Warning Glide Slope deviation Alerting System | All turbine powered airplanes |
注:关于GPWS和TWAS (Terrain Awareness and Warning System)。GPWS包括Basic GPWS和Advanced GPWS,后者即为TAWS或EGPWS (Enhanced GPWS)。Basic GPWS只能依靠无线电高度表与ILS来侦测真高以及偏离下滑道的情况,TAWS和EGPWS则具备 ”forward looking capability”,可以借助GPS和地图数据对比来侦测周围地形。
20. The airborne weather radar must be in satisfactory operating condition prior to dispatch on an IFR or night VFR flight if thunderstorm (or other hazardous weather) that could be detected by the radar are forecast along the intended route of flight.
21. An airplane approaching to land on a runway served by a VASI must remain on or above the glide slope (except to normal bracketing) until a lower altitude is necessary for safe landing.
22. 1 inch–1000ft; 1mmHg—11m; 1hPa—8.25m
23. LAHSO. Pilot should have readily available:
a) Published available landing distance (ALD);
b) Runway slope information for all LAHSO runway condition at each airport of intended landing;
c) Landing performance data.
24. 航空器三轴:
|
轴的方向 |
绕轴旋转的动作 |
绕轴旋转的操作和稳定性 |
|
Longitudinal |
Axis of roll |
Lateral control and stability |
|
Lateral |
Axis of pitch |
Longitudinal control and stability |
|
Vertical |
Axis of Yaw |
Directional control and stability |
25. The disadvantage of swept wing design:
a) Reduced maximum coefficient of lift;
b) Wing tips stall first;
c) Dutch roll tendency.
26. 转弯参数的计算和变化判断公式:
g·tanα = v2 / r = v·ω = ω2·r
ω:转弯率(角速度);α:坡度;v:线速度;r:半径。根据题中涉及的参数选择公式中不同的变化形式。
27. 对同一架飞机,尾涡强度与ny(载荷)成正比,与r(空气密度)、v(速度)成反比。
对不同的飞机,在一定的飞行状态下,尾涡强度与飞机重量成正比,与翼展成反比。
28. 需要起飞备降场条件:起飞机场条件低于着陆最低标准,但高于或达到起飞最低标准时。
起飞备降场要求:在静风,一发失效条件下,备降场距起飞机场:
双发:≤1小时;三发(含)以上:≤ 2小时。
29. 着陆备降场天气标准规则:
(1)目的地机场气象预报若满足以下标准,则在飞行计划中可不选择备降场,以下标准适用于预达目的地机场时刻前后1小时:
| 国内 | 国际 | |
| 云高 | 至少高于[MDH/DH以上450m,AGL600m]
中较高者 |
至少高于[目视盘旋MDH/DH或仪表进近MDA/DA以上450m,AGL600m]
中较高者 |
| 能见度 | [4800m,仪表进近最低标准以上3200m]中较高者 | [4800m,仪表进近最低标准以上3200m]中较高者 |
注:CCAR-91-R2中没有区分国内和国际,统一为:云高高于600AGL,能见度至少5km。但是在CCAR-121FS-R2中有区分,见121.639条。
(2)当需要选择备降场时,在到达备降场时刻,备降场需等于或高于以下标准:
| 一套进近设施 | 两套(含)以上设施且能够提供不同跑道进近(在两条较低标准跑道中取高值) | |
| 云高 | MDH/DH以上120m | DH以上60m |
| 能见度 | VIS增加1600m | VIS增加800m |
(3)实际备降中采用标准:按航图执行(也就是说上面的标准只在制定飞行计划时使用)。
30. 国内、国际定期载客运行,从备降场和未列入运行规范的机场起飞,若机场没有规定最低天气标准,则采用下列标准:
云高/能见度为 240m/3200m或270m/2400m或300m/1600m。
31. NOTAM的类型、提前发布天数、发布方、接收方:
| 类型 | 系列 | 提前发布天数 | 发布方 | 接收方 |
| Class 1 | Series A(UTC) | 7 | ATMB NOTAMs offices | Some foreign international NOTAMs offices, international airport FIO, and regional flight information center NOTAMs offices of China |
| Series B(北京时间) | ATMB NOTAMs offices , or regional flight information center NOTAMs offices | Domestic airport FIO and CAFUC | ||
| Series C(北京时间) | Airport (CAFUC included) FIO | Its own belonged regional flight information center NOTAMs office | ||
| Class 2 | Series A | 25 | International NOTAMs offices of CAAC flight information center | Oversea relative departments |
| Series C | 15 | Domestic regional information center NOTAMs offices |
布方和接收方分为两种:局方和运行单位:
| 局方 | ATMB (Air Traffic Management Bureau) NOTAMs office | 空管局航行通告办公室 |
| Foreign international NOTAMs office | 国外的国际性航行通告办公室 | |
| Regional flight information center NOTAMs office | 区域飞行情报中心航行通告办公室 | |
| International NOTAMs office of CAAC flight information center | 民航局飞行情报中心国际航行通告办公室 | |
| 运行单位 | International / domestic airport FIO (flight information office) | 国际/国内机场飞行情报中心 |
| CAFUC | 民航飞行学院 |
所以又可以总结为:
| 类型 | 系列 | 发布方 | 接收方 |
| Class 1 | Series A | 国内局方 | 国外局方国外国际性运行单位
国内区域局方 |
| Series B | 国内局方国内区域局方 | 国内运行单位 | |
| Series C | 国内运行单位 | 其所属国内区域局方 | |
| Class 2 | Series A | 国内局方 | 其海外分部 |
| Series C | 其国内分部 |
32. 跑道标记牌颜色:
| 强制标记牌 | 红底白字 | |
| 信息标记牌 | 位置标记牌 | 黑底黄字(黄边框) |
| 方向标记牌 | 黄底黑字 | |
| 目的地标记牌 | ||